The wide variety of types of steel and steel sections can indicate that each type of steel has different characteristics and applications depending on the percentage of carbon and alloys used in the production line and different operations. The percentage of carbon used in steel is usually between 0.7 and 1.7%. And by changing the percentage of carbon, the physical characteristics of the product also change.
What is steel?
Steel made with carbon between 0.15 and 0.7% are known as low carbon steels. The carbon content of malleable steels is between 0.25 and 0.15%, which is soft and flexible and has a high use in cold. Steels with medium carbon between 0.5 and 0.25% are usually heat treated and have more strength. High carbon steels between 0.9 and 0.5% and tool steel with a carbon percentage between 1.7 and 0.9% are more resistant to damage. This resistance increases with the increase of carbon.
Standard methods for steel production
At first, steel is converted into white cast iron by reducing impurities and waste materials. There are various methods for steel production, and these methods are: oxygen method, open heart method (Siemens-Marten) and steelmaking method with electric furnace. Undesirable defects are oxidized and it turns into slag or burns.
🔱 Oxygen method
In the oxygen method, air and oxygen gas are loaded into a moving bottle made of molten cast iron and pumped into it with pressure. By doing this, the impurities in the steel are removed.
🔱 Open Hart method
In this method, to produce steel, first in electric furnaces with Cast iron and scrap iron are loaded. And the heat caused by the creation of an electric arc between the electrodes and irons inside the furnace causes oxidation and melting of the defects. In this method, ferro-vanadium and ferro-chrome alloy steels are produced. With the difference that the oxygen bottle method is much cheaper than the open heart method.
🔱Electrical method
Electrical method is the most expensive method of steel production. With this method, stainless, anti-heat and anti-acid steels, which are special steels, are produced.
In Iran, two methods are used to produce steel. The oxygen method and the electric arc furnace method are the most widely used methods for steel production in Iran, which produce high quality steels.
Application of steel
⚜️ Steel sheet
Steel sheet is produced by cold rolling and hot rolling. Steel sheet is produced in factories and sold in the market in coils and rolls. There are different types of iron sheets that are used in many applications, such as roofs, automobiles, household appliances, etc., depending on the production method.
⚜️ iron belt
The belt is usually made with a small percentage of carbon and is flexible. Belts are smooth and uniform cuts that are made on sheets. This product is one of the most widely used steel materials in construction and building production and is a load carrying equipment. are placed in an advanced production line with precise cutting and drilling in different sizes.
⚜️steel pipe
is a long hollow cylindrical pipe with a circular surface. There are different types of pipes, including cast iron, steel and iron. .